16: Jephthah: An Outcast Turned Contract Leader (Judges 11:1 – 28)

The background of Jephthah’s story is the eastern side of Jordan, especially Gilead. They kicked him out because he was born from a prostitute. But being invaded and oppressed, they called him to be their leader. 

Read Judges 11:1 - 28

Q1: What was the problem for them when the Ammonites assembled to attack the Israelites? (10:18)

There was no one to lead the battle.

No one wanted to risk their own life in leading the army. 

Q2: In what condition was Jephthah appointed as the leader of them? 

To lead the army, fight against the Ammonites, and win.

They did not apologize for their kicking him out. (8) 

They had once cast out the one they marginalized, but now, they asked him to be their king for their survival. They offered no apologies for their past actions nor showed the courage or faithfulness needed to lead in battle. They were willing to become subjects if it meant saving their lives. Begging for survival was their true reason for seeking a king.

The agreement was again confirmed before the LORD (11) Jephthah became the first leader (or king) appointed through a civil contract.

Q3. What land did the Ammonite king request from the Israelites? Can you mark it on the map? (hint: find three rivers mentioned in v13)

 

Q4. What was Jephthah’s rationale in claiming the land was legitimately given to Israel? (three points. V17-22, v23-25, v26)

Verses 17-22: Our ancestors did not intend to take the land but only to pass through. However, King Sihon attacked us, and the Lord God delivered his land into our hands.

Verses 23-25: We have the right to the land that our God has given us, and no one can take it from us.

Verse 26: We have lived here for 300 years. Why did you not claim it during all that time?

Q5.Find expressions showing that Jephthah behaved like a king in the conversation with the Ammonite king (12 – 28)

“why have you come against me to attack my land” (12, 27)

“This is what Jephthah says” (15) 

Sending messengers?

Jephthah was not called by God but by the people. He was capable and carried himself like a king. His two debates demonstrate his intelligence and sense of fairness. However, his appointment was based on a contract, not on trust—let alone God’s anointing. However, it does not mean God doesn't work through him.